Covariance:
The covariance between two random variables X and Y is the expected value of the product of the variables´ deviations from their means. If there is a high probability that large values of X go with large values of Y and small values of X go with small values of Y, then the covariance between X and Y will be positive; if there is a high probability that small values of X go with large values of Y and large values of X go with small values of Y, then the covariance will be negative.
Planning on taking an introductory statistics course, but not sure if you need to start at the beginning? Review the course description for each of our introductory statistics courses and estimate which best matches your level, then take the self test for that course. If you get all or almost all the questions correct, move on and take the next test.
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