Control Charts: Control charts are used to track regular measurements of an ongoing process, and to signal when such a process had reached the point of going "out of control" (i.e. may no longer be governed by the same properties, such as mean or standard deviation). The control chart has...
View Full DescriptionCountable Sample Space: If a sample space contains finite or countably infinite number of sample points then such a sample space is referred to as a countable sample space. Browse Other Glossary Entries
View Full DescriptionCovariate: In design of experiments, a covariate is an independent variable not manipulated by the experimenter but still affecting the response. See Variables (in design of experiments) for an explanatory example. Browse Other Glossary Entries
View Full DescriptionCross-tabulation Tables: A cross-tabulation table represents the joint frequency distribution of two discrete variables. Rows and columns correspond to the possible values of the first and the second variables, the cells contain frequencies (numbers) of occurrence of the corresponding pairs of values of the 1st and 2nd variable. Cross-tabulation tables...
View Full DescriptionCumulative Frequency Distribution: A cumulative frequency distribution is a summary of a set of data showing the frequency (or number) of items less than or equal to the upper class limit of each class. This definition holds for quantitative data and for categorical (qualitative) data (but only if the latter...
View Full DescriptionStatistical Glossary Cumulative Relative Frequency Distribution: A cumulative relative frequency distribution is a tabular summary of a set of data showing the relative frequency of items less than or equal to the upper class class limit of each class. Relative frequency is the fraction or proportion of the total number...
View Full DescriptionDecile: Deciles are percentile s taken in tens. The first decile is the 10th percentile, the second decile is the 20th percentile, etc. Browse Other Glossary Entries
View Full DescriptionDegrees of Freedom: For a set of data points in a given situation (e.g. with mean or other parameter specified, or not), degrees of freedom is the minimal number of values which should be specified to determine all the data points. For example, if you have a sample of N...
View Full DescriptionDependent Events: See Independent Events. Browse Other Glossary Entries
View Full DescriptionDiscrete Random Variable: A random variable whose range of possible values is finite or countably infinite is said to be a discrete random variable. Browse Other Glossary Entries
View Full DescriptionEvent: In probability theory, an event is an outcome or defined collection of outcomes of a random experiment. Since the collection of all possible outcomes to a random experiment is called the sample space, another definiton of event is any subset of a sample space. For example, on the roll...
View Full DescriptionExpected Value: The expected value of a random variable is nothing but the arithmetic mean. For a discrete random variable, the expected value is the weighted average of the possible values of the random variable, the weights being the probabilities that those values will occur. For a continuous random variable,...
View Full DescriptionExperiment: Any process of observation or measurement is called an experiment in statistics. For example, counting the number people visiting a restaurant in a day is an experiment, and so is checking the number obtained on the roll of a die. Typically, we will be interested in experiments whose outcomes...
View Full DescriptionFactor: In design of experiments, factor is an independent variable manipulated by the experimenter. See Variables (in design of experiments) for an explanatory example. Browse Other Glossary Entries
View Full DescriptionFair Game: A game of chance is said to be fair if each player´s expected payoff is zero. A game in which I roll a die and receive 12 for a 1 or 2 and lose 6 otherwise (3-6) is a fair game. Browse Other Glossary Entries
View Full DescriptionFilter: A filter is an algorithm for processing a time series or random process . There are two major classes of problems solved by filters: 1. To estimate the current value of a time series (X(t), t = 1,2, ...) , which is not directly observable, from observed values of...
View Full DescriptionFinite Sample Space: If a sample space contains a finite number of elements, then the sample space is said to be a finite sample space. The sample space for the experiment of a toss of a coin is a finite sample space. It has only two sample points. But the...
View Full DescriptionFrequency Distribution: A frequency distribution is a tabular summary of a set of data showing the frequency (or number) of items in each of several non-overlapping classes (or bins). This definition is applicable to both quantitative and categorical (qualitative) data. For quantitative data, the classes are typically contiguous and of...
View Full DescriptionFrequency Interpretation of Probability: The frequency interpretation of probability is the most widely held of several ways of interpreting the meaning of the concept of "probability". According to this interpretation the probability of an event is the proportion of times the said event occurs when the experiment is conducted a...
View Full DescriptionGranger Causation: Granger causation is a definition of causal relation between vectors in vector time series . Let us define Ht as the history up to and including the discrete time t , and denote Yt the random vector Y at time t . Granger states that Yt causes Xt+1...
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