Cochran´s Q Statistic: Cochran´s Q statistic is computed from replicated measurements data with binary responses. This statistic tests a difference in effects among 2 or more treatments applied to the same set of experimental units. Consider the results of a study of M treatments applied to N experimental units (e.g...
View Full DescriptionCochran-Mantel-Haenszel (CMH) test: The Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel (CMH) test compares two groups on a binary response, adjusting for control variables. The initial data are represented as a series of K 2x2 contingency table s, where K is the number of strata. Traditionally, in each table the rows correspond to the "Treatment group"...
View Full DescriptionCohen´s Kappa: Cohen´s kappa is a measure of agreement for Categorical data . It is a special case of the Kappa statistic corresponding to the case of only 2 raters. Historically, this statistic was invented first. Later it was generalized to the case of an arbitrary number of raters. See...
View Full DescriptionComparison-wise Type I Error: In multiple comparison procedures, the comparison-wise type I error is the probability that, even if the samples come from the same population, you will wrongly conclude that they differ. See also Family-wise type I error. Browse Other Glossary Entries
View Full DescriptionComposite Hypothesis: A statistical hypothesis which does not completely specify the distribution of a random variable is referred to as a composite hypothesis. Browse Other Glossary Entries
View Full DescriptionCorrelation Statistic: The correlation statistic is one of the statistics used in the generalized Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel tests . It is applicable when both the treatment (rows) and response (columns) are measured on an ordinal scale . In case of independence between the two variables in all strata, the asymptotic distribution of...
View Full DescriptionCritical Region: See Acceptance region Browse Other Glossary Entries
View Full DescriptionDunn Test: The Dunn test is a method for multiple comparison s, which generalizes the Bonferroni adjustment procedure. This test is used as a post-hoc test in analysis of variance when the number of comparisons is not large, when compared to the number of all possible comparisons. The Dunn test...
View Full DescriptionExact Tests: Exact tests are hypothesis tests that are guaranteed to produce Type-I error at or below the nominal alpha level of the test when conducted on samples drawn from a null model. For example, a test conducted at the 5% level of significance that yields (false) "significant" results 5%...
View Full DescriptionFamily-wise Type I Error: In multiple comparison procedures, family-wise type I error is the probability that, even if all samples come from the same population, you will wrongly conclude that at least one pair of populations differ. If a is the probability of comparison-wise type I error, then the probability...
View Full DescriptionFisher´s Exact Test: Fisher´s exact test is the first (historically) permutation test. It is used with two samples of binary data, and tests the null hypothesis that the two samples are drawn from populations with equal but unknown proportions of "successes" (e.g. proportion of patients recovered without complications among the...
View Full DescriptionGeneral Association Statistic: The general association statistic is one of the statistics used in the generalized Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel tests . It is applicable when both the "treatment" and the "response" variables are measured on a nominal scale . If the treatment and response variables are independent in all strata, the asymptotic...
View Full DescriptionGeneralized Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test: The Generalized Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test is a family of tests aimed at detecting of association between two categorical variables observed in K strata. The initial data are represented as a series of K RxC contingency table s, where K is the number of strata and at least one...
View Full DescriptionGoodness - of - Fit Test: It is a statistical test to determine whether there is significant difference between the observed frequency distribution and a theoretical probability distribution which is hypothesized to describe the observed distribution. Browse Other Glossary Entries
View Full DescriptionHotelling´s T-Square: Hotelling´s T-square is a statistic for a multivariate test of differences between the mean values of two groups. The null hypothesis is that centroid s don´t differ between two groups. Hotelling´s T-square is used in multiple analysis of variance (MANOVA) , and in multiple analysis of covariance (MANCOVA)...
View Full DescriptionHypothesis: A (statistical) hypothesis is an assertion or conjecture about the distribution of one or more random variables. For example, an experimenter may pose the hypothesis that the outcomes from treatment A and treatment B belong to the same population or distribution. If the hypothesis completely specifies the distribution of...
View Full DescriptionHypothesis Testing: Hypothesis testing (also called "significance testing") is a statistical procedure for discriminating between two statistical hypotheses - the null hypothesis (H0) and the alternative hypothesis ( Ha, often denoted as H1). Hypothesis testing, in a formal logic sense, rests on the presumption of validity of the null hypothesis...
View Full DescriptionKappa Statistic: Kappa statistic is a generic term for several similar measures of agreement used with categorical data . Typically it is used in assessing the degree to which two or more raters, examining the same data, agree when it comes to assigning the data to categories. for example, kappa...
View Full DescriptionKolmogorov-Smirnov One-sample Test: The Kolmogorov-Smirnov one-sample test is a goodness-of-fit test, and tests whether an observed dataset is consistent with an hypothesized theoretical distribution. The test involves specifying the cumulative frequency distribution which would occur given the theoretical distribution and comparing that with the observed cumulative frequency distribution. Browse Other...
View Full DescriptionKolmogorov-Smirnov Test: See: Kolmogorov-Smirnov one-sample test and Kolmogorov-Smirnov two-sample test Browse Other Glossary Entries
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